Analysis of diabetes screening in high-risk population in different communities in Shanghai from 2016 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To describe the results of screening for high-risk population of diabetes mellitus among community residents in Shanghai from 2016 to 2017 and analyze the characteristics of subjects with impaired glucose regulation or diabetes patients. Methods After the diabetes risk assessment for the residents aged 35 and older in Changning and Songjiang district of Shanghai, physical examination and blood glucose test were conducted for high-risk groups. Results A total number of 33 469 people in the two communities were screened, 4 555 patients with impaired glucose regulation and 3 412 patients with diabetes were detected. The detection rates were 13.6% and 10.2%, respectively. In high-risk population, aging was significantly correlated with the risk of diabetes(males：P<0.001；females：P<0.001) and impaired glucose regulation(males：P<0.001；females：P<0.001). The risk of diabetes in rural males was lower than that in urban males (OR=0.873，95% CI：0.771-0.988), while rural females had a higher risk of impaired glucose regulation than urban females (OR=1.249, 95% CI: 1.131-1.379). Self-reported history of impaired glucose regulation(males：P<0.001；females：P<0.001), family history of type 2 diabetes(males：P<0.001；females：P<0.001), hypertension(males：P<0.001；females：P<0.001), dyslipidemia(males：P<0.001；females：P=0.015), overweight/obesity(males：P<0.001；females：P<0.001), long-term sedentary lifestyle in males (P=0.002) and a history of polycystic ovary syndrome in females (P=0.011) were related to the risk of dysglycemia. The more of the number of high-risk factors for residents, the higher the risk of impaired glucose regulation and diabetes (P<0.001). Conclusions The situation of community diabetes detection and prevention in Shanghai is very serious. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of high-risk groups of diabetes and take targeted intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of diabetes in high-risk population.

Analysis of risk factors for diabetic retinopathy without proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients / 医学研究生学报

Objective　To analyze risk factors for diabetic retinopathy without proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients．　Methods　The clinical data of type 2 diabetic patients were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups based on the results of fundus examination. Basic clinical data were compared in simple diabetic retinopathy (DR, without albuminuria and DPN) group including 169 cases and non-diabetic retinopathy (NO-DR, without microvascular complications) group including 208 cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of DR. Among DR, 60 patients were mild non-proliferation DR (NPDR), 82 patients were moderate NPDR, 20 patients were severe NPDR and 7 patients were proliferation DR (PDR). Severe NPDR and PDR were combined into severe DR group. The correlation between risk factors and DR staging were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.　Results　The results showed that duration of diabetes, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, postprandial blood glucose, triglyceride, serum creatinine, cystatin C and ratio of statin were higher in DR group, but age at onset of diabetes, CKD-EPI formula estimated GFR, fasting c-peptide and postprandial c-peptide were lower in DR group than that in NDR group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that young age at onset of diabetes (OR:0.914, P≤0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR:1.369, P<0.05), high systolic pressure (OR:1.041, P<0.01) and reduced GFR (OR:0.912, P≤0.001) were the risk factors of DR. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that GFR was negatively correlated to DR staging (r=-0.513, P<0.001), TG (r=0.110，P<0.033) and SBP (r=0.231, P<0.001） were positive correlated to DR staging.　Conclusion　In addition to the traditional factors, simple diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients was related to young age at onset of diabetes, high systolic pressure, hypertriglyceridemia and reduced eGFR. eGFR decline occurred before the proteinuria and associated with the development of DR was a predicted factor of DR.

Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum with the types of antisperm antibody in infertile men / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection in infertile men, its influence on routine semen parameters and the distribution of antisperm antibody (AsAb) and its types in infertile patients with UU infection.@*METHODS@#We detected the positive rate of UU infection, semen parameters, and the distribution of AsAb and its types in 662 infertile men and 25 normal fertile male controls followed by comparison of the obtained data between the two groups of subjects.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of UU infection was significantly higher in the infertile men than in the normal controls (52.87% ［350/662］ vs 16.00% ［4/25］, χ2 = 11.68, P 0.05) and AsAb IgA, IgM and IgG in the seminal plasma, or in the percentages of serum AsAb IgM (16.9% vs 20.5%, χ2 = 1.22, P >0.05) and IgG (32.7% vs 28.9%, χ2 = 0.99, P >0.05) except in that of serum AsAb IgA (23.6% vs 17.0%, χ2 = 4.03, P <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The UU infection rate is high in infertile males, which decreases the semen volume, total sperm count, motile sperm concentration and percentage of progressively motile sperm and increases the positive rate of serum AsAb IgA.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiological characteristics of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Changsha area / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been reported in China. In this study, we investigated the drug resistance characteristic, genetic background, and molecular epidemiological characteristic of S. aureus in Changsha.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2006 and December 2008, 293 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from 11 hospitals in Changsha and identified by the Vitek-2 system. All the isolates were verified as MRSA by PCR amplification of both femA and mecA genes. K-B disk method was used to test drug sensitivity of S. aureus to antibiotics. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for genotypic and homologous analysis of 115 isolates randomly selected from the original 293 clinical S. aureus isolates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>S. aureus was highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin with resistant rates of 96.6%, 96.6%, 77.1%, and 67.2% respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to tecoplanin, vancomycin, and linezolid. MRSA accounted for 64.8% (190/293) of all the S. aureus strains. The 115 S. aureus isolates were clustered into 39 PFGE types by PFGE typing, with 13 predominant patterns (designated types A to M) accounting for 89 isolates. The most prevalent PFGE type was type A (n = 56, 48.7%) and 100.0% of type A strains were MRSA. PFGE type A included 13 subtypes, and the most prevalent subtype was subtype A1 (46.4%, 26/56). Strains with PFGE type A were isolated from eight hospitals (8/11), and both subtypes A1 and A4 strains were isolated in a university hospital.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Clinical isolates of S. aureus in Changsha were resistant to multiple traditional antibiotics. There was an outbreak of PFGE type A MRSA in this area and the A1 subtype was the predominant epidemic clone. Dissemination of the same clone was an important reason for the wide spread of MRSA.</p>

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is negatively related to carotid artery intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT) in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum 25(OH)D and carotid IMT were measured in 300 T2DM patients. Patients were divided into four quartile groups according to the serum 25(OH)D levels (Q1: < 26.17 nmol/L, 74 cases; Q2: 26.17 - 32.75 nmol/L, 76 cases; Q3: 32.75 - 42.93 nmol/L, 78 cases; Q4 > 42.93 nmol/L, 72 cases).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Carotid IMT, carotid artery plaque prevalence, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, CRP and PTH were significantly higher in subjects with low 25(OH)D compared subjects with high 25(OH)D (P < 0.05). Carotid artery IMT in Q1 and Q2 groups were significantly higher than that in Q4 group (1.03 ± 0.21 vs. 0.90 ± 0.20, 1.01 ± 0.26 vs. 0.90 ± 0.20, P < 0.05), was similar among Q1 and Q2 and Q3 groups. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in Q1 group (50.0%) was also significantly higher than in Q3 (29.5%, P < 0.05) and Q4 (16.7%, P < 0.05). Similarly, 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in patients with carotid plaque compared patients without carotid plaque [(28.31 ± 4.91) nmol/L vs. (36.31 ± 4.31) nmol/L, P < 0.01]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that carotid IMT was positively correlated with age, smoking, BMI, HbA1c, CRP, LDL-C, PTH/25(OH)D ratio (P < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with 25 (OH) D (r = -0.51, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D concentration was an independent predictor of carotid IMT in this cohort (β = -0.39, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum 25(OH)D concentration is negatively correlated with carotid IMT and low 25 (OH) D level is a risk factor for preclinical atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.</p>

Candida tropicalis arthritis in a patient with acute leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Candida arthritis in patient with hematological malignancy is rare. A case of Candida tropicalis arthritis of knee occurred in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia was reported during the recovery phase of post chemotherapy myelosuppression and agranulocytosis. The patient was diagnosed as Candida tropicalis arthritis of knee according to the Candida tropicalis isolated from the synovial fluid. Itraconazole and amphotericin B were intravenously injected for therapy for 4 - 5 weeks based on the susceptibility test in vitro, which showed better efficacy. But the arthritis relapsed at 4 - 6 weeks after the drug withdrawal. The curative effect was found in patient after treatment with fluconazole injection and articular cavity douching with amphotericin B for 8 weeks. In conclusion, although Candida arthritis in patient with hematological malignancy is rare, it still occurred in the patient with hypoimmunity. The treatment emphasis showed be placed on the full dosage and full treatment course of antifungal agent.

Inhibition effect of fludarabine on the growth of myelodysplastic syndrome cell line MUTZ-1 and its mechanism / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibition effect of fludarabine on the growth of human MDS-RAEB cell line MUTZ-1 and to explore the possible cellular and molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The apoptosis of MUTZ-1 cells induced by fludarabine was studied by transmission electron microscope, MTT assay, DNA ladder test, flow cytometry and RT-PCR method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Treatment with fludarabine remarkably inhibited the growth of MUTZ-1 cells, the 24 h IC(50), 48 h IC(50) and 72 h IC(50) of fludarabine for MUTZ-1 cells were 137.65 mg/L, 6.27 mg/L and 0.51 mg/L, respectively. Fludarabine inhibited the growth of MUTZ-1 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. After treated by fludarabine (1 mg/L-16 mg/L)for 24 h, MUTZ-1 cells showed the typical features of apoptosis. After fludarabine treatment the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, survivin, XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 was not changed, but the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With a certain range of dose fludarabine (1 mg/L-16 mg/L)could inhibit MUTZ-1 cell growth by inducing cells apoptosis. MMP may play a certain role in apoptosis of MUTZ-1 cells induced by fludarabine.</p>

Construction of a chimeric SEA-hPLAP-1 cDNA with gene splicing by overlap extension / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a chimeric SEA-hPLAP-1 cDNA with gene splicing by overlap extension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The SEA gene and a DNA fragment encoding the signal for GPI-anchor attachment of hPLAP -1 were amplified by PCR. The two amplified gene sequence was annealed to form a chimeric GPI- anchored SEA molecule with gene splicing by overlap extension. The resulting chimera was cloned in pGEM-T vector and verified by sequencing analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A chimeric SEA-hPLAP-1 cDNA was successfully constructed with gene splicing by overlap extension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gene splicing by overlap extension is a successful specific PCR technique for gene recombination.</p>

Protoplast Regeneration and Mutagenesis Breeding of Streptomyces qinlingensis sp. nov / 微生物学通报

To improve the antibiotics production of Streptomyces qinlingensis sp. nov.,protoplast regeneration combined with physical and chemical mutagenesis was used to selected high-yielding strains. The results showed that the antibacterial activities of strain R-72 from protoplast regeneration and NTG-1,H30-7 from protoplast mutagenesis against Bacillus subtilis were more than 20% higher than that of the original strain,and the heredity characters of those strains were stable in successive ten generations. The further bioassay experiments exhibited that the fungicidal and antibacterial activities of the fermentation broth from R-72,NTG-1 and H30-7 were remarkable increased comparing with that of the starting strain.